基于交叉节点的跨分片电子病历共享方案Cross-shard electronic medical record sharing scheme based on cross-node
朱怡帆,马利民,张伟
摘要(Abstract)：
针对医疗数据共享场景下区块链系统跨分片通信复杂度高的问题，设计了一种基于交叉节点的跨分片数据共享架构，采用了将BLS(Boneh-Lynn-Shacham)门限签名嵌入到HotStuff共识算法的跨分片共识方案，降低由信标链或全局共识带来的跨分片通信开销，使用审计仲裁机制保证交叉节点在跨分片电子病历（electronic medical record, EMR）数据共享时的安全性。实验结果表明，相比于全局共识的跨分片数据共享方案，所提方案在50个节点的联盟链分片情况下吞吐量提升16.9%，在高负载的交易场景中跨分片交易时延降低35.7%，能够在满足安全性的同时提升跨分片数据共享效率。
关键词(KeyWords)： 区块链;分片技术;数据共享;电子病历
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3320903）
作者(Author): 朱怡帆,马利民,张伟
DOI: 10.16508/j.cnki.11-5866/n.2025.05.001
参考文献(References)：
- [1]成丽娟，祁正华，史俊成.基于区块链的EHR数据安全存储共享方案[J].南京邮电大学学报（自然科学版），2020,40(4):96-102.CHENG L J, QI Z H, SHI J C. Blockchain based secure storage and sharing scheme for EHR data[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science),2020,40(4):96-102.(in Chinese)
- [2]张磊，郑志勇，袁勇.基于区块链的电子医疗病历可控共享模型[J].自动化学报，2021,47(9):2143-2153.ZHANG L, ZHENG Z Y, YUAN Y. A controllable sharing model for electronic health records based on blockchain[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2021,47(9):2143-2153.(in Chinese)
- [3] ZHANG K W, JACOBSEN H A. Towards dependable,scalable, and pervasive distributed ledgers with blockchains[C]//2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS). New York, USA:IEEE, 2018:1337-1346.
- [4]刘凤鸣，陈玥彤.区块链技术研究述评[J].山东师范大学学报（自然科学版），2020,35(3):299-311.LIU F M,CHEN Y T. Review on blockchain technology research[J]. Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science),2020,35(3):299-311.(in Chinese)
- [5] LUU L, NARAYANAN V, ZHENG C D, et al. A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains[C]//Proceedings of the2016 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security. New York, USA:ACM, 2016:17-30.
- [6] ZAMANI M, MOVAHEDI M, RAYKOVA M. RapidChain:scaling blockchain via full sharding[C]//Proceedings of the2018 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security. New York, USA:ACM, 2018:931-948.
- [7] KOKORIS-KOGIAS E, JOVANOVIC P, GASSER L, et al.OmniLedger:a secure, scale-out, decentralized ledger via sharding[C]//2018 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy(SP). New York, USA:IEEE, 2018:583-598.
- [8] RASHID M, RASOOL I, ZAFAR N A, et al. Formal modeling and verification of justification and finalization of checkpoints in Ethereum 2. 0 beacon chain[C]//2024 IEEE 1st Karachi Section Humanitarian Technology Conference(KHI-HTC). New York,USA:IEEE, 2024:1-6.
- [9]李莉，吴怡，杨祉坤，等.基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案[J].计算机应用，2022,42(1):183-190.LI L, WU Y, YANG Z K, et al. Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2022,42(1):183-190.(in Chinese)
- [10] LI M Q,LUO X Y,XUE K P,et al. A secure and efficient blockchain sharding scheme via hybrid consensus and dynamic management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,2024,19:5911-5924.
- [11] HUANG H W, PENG X W, ZHAN J Z, et al. BrokerChain:a cross-shard blockchain protocol for account/balance-based state sharding[C]//IEEE INFOCOM 2022-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. New York, USA:IEEE, 2022:1968-1977.
- [12]翟社平，刘佳一腾，杨锐，等.区块链动态分片自适应模型[J].计算机应用研究，2024,41(11):3231-3238.ZHAI S P, LIU J Y T, YANG R, et al. Dynamic sharding adaptive model for blockchain[J]. Application Research of Computers,2024,41(11):3231-3238.(in Chinese)